![]() Teaching gamblers the odds of their favorite games often changes their belief that gambling can be profitable. Cognitive behavioural approaches to gambling problems are also the most likely means of treatment for those who see gambling as a rational behaviour. Those who see gambling as a rational behaviour might be more likely to suggest that gamblers a) see that gambling is strictly for fun, or b) feel that they can make a profit at it. Cognitive behavioural treatment approaches are the logical approach if gambling behaviour is seen as linked to specific environments or subject to specific triggers. ![]() This approach also encompasses the personification of luck, and other superstitious forms of thinking often seen in social and people affected by problem gambling, a manifestation of “primitive magical or religious ceremonies”. Medical treatment is necessary in these cases.Ī more behavioural approach to gambling and problem gambling believes these behaviors derive from social learning, either as a focus of socialization, or a result of reinforcement. Thus, measurable chemical changes occur in someone who either has this predisposition, or who develops problem gambling behaviour. For those who believe that gambling was an important behaviour in human evolution, as well as for those who look at gambling as a generator of excitement and stimulation, the biological school of thought on problem gambling suggests that there are genetic predispositions toward gambling - problem gambling in particular. All of these explanations are used to treat people affected by problem gambling. Wildman provided a useful summary of the theories that explain why people gamble. The limits of what is considered “gambling” behaviour have shaped the definitions of “problem” gambling that are used, and how problem gambling is measured. A combination of excitement and level of involvement is perhaps the best means to determine what is or isnot gambling. Some people, for instance, do not consider buying lottery tickets or raffle tickets for charitable purposes as gambling, and yet there is clearly some anticipation or excitement involved in the purchase of these tickets, whether or not a large amount of money or time is invested in their purchase. How often a person is involved as well as the sum of money involved may be used as a rough criterion for considering an activity as “gambling.” It has also been suggested that unless there is some sort of excitement or thrill involved in the pursuit of an activity, it probably isnot gambling. There are also “quasi-gambling” activities, such as stock market and real estate investments that can be used as opportunities to gamble, and so must be counted in any survey of gambling activity. Wildman suggests that the important thing to remember about gambling is that it is “a conscious, deliberate effort to stake valuables, usually but not always currency, on how some event happens to turn out.” This article reviews definition, causes and associated features with substance abuse, screening and diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Gambling disorders are highly comorbid with other mental health and substance use disorders, and a further understanding is needed of both the causes and treatment implications of this disorder. Although promising, family therapy and support from Gamblers Anonymous are less well empirically supported. ![]() Several distinct treatment approaches have been favorably evaluated, such as cognitive behavioral and brief treatment models and pharmacological interventions. Gambling disorders affect 0.2–5.3% of adults worldwide, although measurement and prevalence varies according to the screening instruments and methods used, and availability and accessibility of gambling opportunities. Gambling, including pathological gambling and problem gambling, has received increased attention from clinicians and researchers over the past three decades since gambling opportunities have expanded around the world.
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